What constitutes hazardous waste:
(1) having one or more dangerous characteristics such as corrosiveness, toxicity, flammability, reactivity or infectivity;
(2) It is not excluded that it has hazardous characteristics, may cause harmful effects on the environment or human health, and needs to be managed as hazardous waste.
Hazardous waste disposal methods can be divided into three categories: physical method, physical chemical method and biological method. Many of these methods are common to chemical production.
1. Landfill method
Landfilling is a method of final disposal of hazardous waste. This method includes site selection, landfill design, construction and landfill operation, environmental protection and monitoring, site utilization and so on. Its essence is to spread hazardous waste into a thin layer of a certain thickness, compacted, and covered with soil. This treatment technology has been widely used at home and abroad. Land filling method is usually divided into hygienic land filling and safe land filling.
2. Incineration method
Incineration is a comprehensive process of high temperature decomposition and deep oxidation. Through incineration, combustible hazardous waste can be oxidized and decomposed to achieve the purpose of reducing volume, removing toxicity, and recovering energy and by-products.
The incineration process of hazardous waste is complicated. Due to the complex physical and chemical properties of hazardous waste, for the same batch of hazardous waste, its composition, calorific value, shape and combustion state will change greatly with time and different combustion areas, and the composition of waste gas and the nature of waste residue generated after combustion will also change. Therefore, the incineration equipment of hazardous waste must be adaptable, flexible in operation, and have the ability to automatically adjust the operating parameters to a certain extent.
3. Chemical method
Chemical method is a kind of use of the chemical properties of hazardous waste, through acid-base neutralization, REDOX and precipitation, etc., to convert harmful substances into harmless final products.
Many hazardous wastes can be detoxicated through biodegradation, and the detoxicated wastes can be accepted by soil and water. At present, biological methods include activated sludge method, gasification tank method, oxidation pond method and so on.
4. Curing method
Solidification method is the cement, plastic, water glass, asphalt and other coagulants are mixed with hazardous waste to cure, so that the harmful substances contained in the sludge are closed in the curing body and not leaches, so as to achieve the purpose of stabilization, harmfulness and reduction.
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